Carcinoma epidermoide de orofaringe: Experiencia institucional

Federico Cayol; Inés Pucella; Marcelo Figari; José M. Lastiri

doi:10.56969/oc.v22i1.77

Autores/as

Federico Cayol Sección de Oncología Clínica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-2173
Inés Pucella Sección de Oncología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
Marcelo Figari Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-7503
José M. Lastiri Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56969/oc.v22i1.77

Palabras clave:

carcinoma de cabeza y cuello, carcinoma de orofaringe, virus del papiloma humano, head neck carcinoma, oropharyngeal cancer, human papillomavirus

Resumen

Los carcinomas epidermoides de cabeza y cuello (CECC), son un grupo poco frecuente de neoplasias, en los Estados Unidos representan el 3.2% de todos los cánceres^1,2.

Si bien su frecuencia global se encuentra en disminución, los tumores localizados en la orofaringe han aumentado de forma considerable².

El virus del papiloma humano (HPV) es responsable de este aumento.

Se ha descripto que los tumores de orofaringe, asociados al HPV, ocurren en pacientes más jóvenes, con enfermedad de bajo volumen a nivel del tumor primario, pero elevada incidencia de metástasis ganglionares, con adenopatías quísticas^2,3.

La detección del virus del HPV, por inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) o por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) son factores pronósticos importantes que siempre deben ser tenidos en cuenta para el tratamiento de estos tumores³.

Citas

Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63:11–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21166

Mendenhall WM, Werning JW, Pfister DG: Treatment of head and neck cancer. In: DeVita VT Jr, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 729-80.

Vokes EE, Agrawal N, Seiwert TY. HPV-associated head and neck cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107: djv344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv344

Okami K. Clinical features and treatment strategy for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 21: 827-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-016-1009-6

Jelihovschi I, Bidescu AC, Tucaliuc SE, Iancu LS. Detection of human papiloma virus in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: a literatura review. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2015; 119: 502-9.

Ang KK, Harris J, Wheeler R,et al. Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 24-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0912217

Dahlstrom KR, Garden AS, William WN Jr, Lim MY, Sturgis EM. Propose staging system for patients with HPV- related oropharyngeal cancer based on nasopharyngeal cancer N categories. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34: 1848-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.64.6448

Gillison ML. Human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer stage. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34: 1833-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.66.6081

Horne ZD, Glaser SM, Vargo JA, et al. Confirmation of proposed human papillomavirus risk-adapted staging according to AJCC/UICC TNM criteria for positive oropharyngeal carcinomas. Cancer 2016; 122: 2021-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30021

Rischin D, Young RJ, Fisher R, et al. Prognostic significance HPV and p16 status in patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated on a large international phase III trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2009; 27 (abstr 6004). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6004

Shi W, Kato H, Pérez-Ordoñez B, et al. Comparative prognostic value of HPV16 E6 mRNA compared with in situ hybridization for human oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 6213-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.23.1670

Snijders PJ, Cromme FV, van den Brule AJ, et al. Prevalence and expression of human papillomavirus in tonsillar carcinomas, indicating a possible viral etiology. Int J Cancer 1992; 51: 845-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910510602

Haraf DJ, Nodzenski E, Brachman D, et al. Human papilloma virus and p53 in head and neck cancer: clinical correlates and survival. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2:755-62.

Wilczynski SP, Lin BT, Xie Y, Paz IB. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA and oncoprotein overexpression are associated with distinct morphological pat- terns of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1998; 152: 145-56.

Posner MR, Lorch JH, Goloubeva O, Tramm T, Alsner J, Overgaard J. Survival and human papillomavirus in oropharynx cancer in TAX 324: a subset analysis from an international phase III trial. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:1071-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdr006

Lassen P, Eriksen JG, Hamilton-Dutoit S, et al: Effect of HPV-associated p16INK4A expression on response to radiotherapy and survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 1992-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.20.2853

Rischin D, Young RJ, Fisher R, et al. Prognostic significance of p16INK4A and human papillomavirus in patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated on TROG 02.02 phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 4142-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.29.2904

Gillison ML, Zhang Q, Jordan R, et al. Tobacco smoking and increased risk of death and progression for patients with p16-positive and p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 2102-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.38.4099

Kumar B, Cipolla MJ, Old MO, et al. Surgical management oforopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Survival and functional outcomes. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1: E1794-802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.24319

O’Sullivan B, Huang SH, Siu LL, et al. Deintensification candidate subgroups in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer according to minimal risk of distant metastasis. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 543-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.44.0164

Rios Velazquez E, Hoebers F, Aerts HJ, et al. Externally validated HPV-based prognostic nomogram for oropharyngeal carcinoma patients yields more accurate predictions than TNM staging. Radiother Oncol 2014; 113: 324-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2014.09.005

Dahlstrom KR, Calzada G, Hanby JD, et al. An evolution in demographics, treatment, and outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer at a major cancer center: a staging system in need of repair. Cancer 2013; 119: 81-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.27727

Keane FK, Chen YH, Neville BA, et al. Changing prognostic significance of tumor stage and nodal stage in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx in the human papillomavirus era. Cancer 2015; 121: 2594-602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29402

Das LC, Karrison TG, Witt ME, et al. Comparison of outcomes of locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal and non- oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma over two decades. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:198-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu511

Huang SH, Xu W, Waldron J, et al. Refining American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control TNM stage and prognostic groups for human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinomas. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33: 836-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.58.6412

Ward MJ, Mellows T, Harris S, et al. Staging and treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in the human papillomavirus era. Head Neck 2015; 37:1002-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23697