Inmunoterapia con Racotumomab: Un nuevo tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas

María Inés Penna; Marcelo D. Guthmann; María Laura Ardigó; Roberto E. Gómez

doi:10.56969/oc.v18i2.117

Autores/as

María Inés Penna Laboratorio Elea, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Marcelo D. Guthmann Laboratorio Elea, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
María Laura Ardigó Laboratorio Elea, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Roberto E. Gómez Laboratorio Elea, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56969/oc.v18i2.117

Palabras clave:

CPCNP, NeuGcGM3, racotumomab, anticuerpo anti idiotipo, inmunoterapia, cáncer, antiidiotype antibody, cancer immunotherapy

Resumen

Los gangliósidos glicolilados son un blanco atractivo para la inmunoterapia activa, ya que estos glicolípidos no se encuentran en las células normales de los seres humanos pero se demostró su expresión en varios tumores malignos, entre los cuales se destaca el cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas. Racotumomab es un anticuerpo monoclonal anti-idiotipo que en su región variable mimetiza el antígeno tumoral N-glicolil GM3 (NeuGcGM3). La inmunoterapia con racotumomab adyuvado a hidróxido de aluminio fue capaz de demostrar efecto anti metastásico en tumores en animales. Diferentes trabajos clínicos fase I y II realizados en pacientes con melanoma avanzado, cáncer de mama y de pulmón, demostraron que induce una potente respuesta inmune tanto humoral como celular y una baja toxicidad. El suero de pacientes inmunizados con racotumomab reconoce e induce necrosis oncótica en las células que expresan el gangliósido NeuGcGM3. Con el fin de demostrar el efecto que este producto podría tener en la supervivencia de pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas, se llevó a cabo un estudio doble ciego, aleatorio, multicéntrico, controlado con placebo en el que se evidenció un significativo beneficio en la supervivencia de los pacientes tratados con racotumomab, casi triplicando la misma a los dos años en el grupo de pacientes que logran cumplir el esquema de inducción.

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